Pipelining
Sometimes the output of one physical operator can be used directly as input for other operator. This technique is called ‘‘pipelining’’.
- output of an operator is stored in a buffer that serves as input for the next operator
- results are computed as early as possible - and its as soon as enough data is available
- no need to wait unit the previous operator finishes its work
- dramatically speeds up the execution process| | |
Operators
Operators that usually can be pipelined
- projections
- selections
- renaming
- bag-based union
- merge-joins for which input is known to be sorted
An operator that cannot be pipelined is called ‘‘blocking’’
Example
- output from index scan on $R$ can be pipelined to filter
- filter output can be pipelined to union
- union result can be pipelined to projection
- (given we have enough memory buffers available)
Materialization
When we cannot pipeline, we have to ‘‘materialize’’ everything. It means we have to write all the intermediate sub-results to disk.
- also the next operator cannot start working until everything is materialized