Learn More, Study Less [1]
- Ссылка на mindmap: [2]
- Ссылка на конспект: [3]
Main concepts
Constructs
- set of interlinked understandments
- when building constructs, you need to create as many links as possible
Models
- simplified contructs
- compresses information
- visualization
Highways
- linking between isolated constructs
- creativity, thinking "outside of the box"
Sequence of Learning
Acquire
- information enters
- reading
- taking notes
- personal exprerimes
- goals
- simplicity
- lowest amount of redundancy
- volume
- speed
- works against simplicity and volume
- Test: Have I seen this idea before?
Understand
- comprehension
- taking the raw information and giving it context
- most basic interlinking
- Test: Do I get what it means?
Explore
- linking what you just learned to other concepts
- forming models to simplify and expand your constructs
- highways
- making well defined constructs
- types
- Depth exploration
- links into the information
- where does it come from?
- how it was made?
- not just understand the formula - understand the proof
- disadvantage: requires lots of researching
- Lateral exploration
- links around the information
- What formulas are similar to?
- What discoveries were made at the same time?
- What other facts surrounding it?
- requires less research but needs more creativity
- Vertical exploration
- finding patters
- Can I compare it to a natural event?
- Techniques
- Metaphor
- Visceralization
- Diagramms
- Test
- Do I understand where it comes from?
- What it's related to?
- What outside ideas can be connected to?
Debug
- looking for errors in models and highways
- adding exceptions
- finding faults and contradictions
- how
- seek information in other soursces
- better in ones which oppose your views
- testing it in the real world
- the only way to debug - is to practice
- Test
- Have I removed bad links between the idea and other ideas?
- Have I removed false conclusion?
Apply
- how this operation operates in reality
- here the learning becomes complete
- Test: Have I used this idea in my practical life?
Test
- continuous testing
- all the steps to be accompanied by testing
- allow to track your weaknesses
- you can improve on them
Information Structure
Arbitrary
- lots of facts, dates, definitions
- have no logical (obvious) grouping
- the hardest to remember
- dealing
- make it less arbitrary - find a pattern
- linking
- pedding
- compression
Opinion
- essays/presentations at school
- look for patterns
- dealing
- speed reading
- diagramming
Process
- based on some background
- eg
- writing a program
- builing a house
- designing a protptype
- practice is the most important element
- dealing
- visceralization
- metaphor
- diagramming
- model debugging
Concrete
- tangible
- easy to visualize
- have practical usage
Abstract
- lacks the obvious connection to the real world
- eg
- Complete opposite of Arbitrary
- difficult to understand
- patters are logical
- dealing
Techniques
Aquiring
Speed Reading
- use a pointer
- practice reading
- measures
- wpm - words per minute
- comprehension
- read for 3 minutes
- write down every major idea/fact
- without looking back at the book
- go through it again and make a second list of ideas
- c = (correct - incorrect) / (total number of facts)
Active reading
- write heading and subheadings for the chapter
- after each section make a few notes
- major points
- how can I remember them?
- how I can extend and apply them?
- forces you to create links
- makes you go beyond it and apply this in different context
- so it forces you to move each major point through
- understanding
- exploring
- application
- example: classical conditioning
- Major Points
- discovered by Ivan Pavlov
- connects a stimulus with a response
- I remember it by
- picturing Pavlov's dogs droding at the sound of bell
- I extend it by
- remembering how I feel compelled to answer the phone when hearing the same ringtone
Flow-Based Notetaking
- goal - build a surface for connecting ideas as they're reaching you
- uses fluid formar
- major ideas are written in several words
- connect them using arrows
- hybrids
- Flow-Based Afternotes
- take regular notes
- afterwards reform them into flow-based
- gives readability and understanding
- but requires more time
- Flow-Based Commenting
- for dense information flow
- writing down the key info
- inserting notes when there's a break
Linking Ideas
Metaphor
- for abstract
- describing an object by linking it to smth irrelevant
- bridge between familiar topic and unfamiliar
- how
- indentify the information
- find smth in your experience that matches a part of this idea
- couple of imperfect matches would do
- repeat and check for circumstances where it doesn't applu
- improve
- ask yourself for a metaphor
- pick the first thing that comes to mind
- refine and test your metaphors
- repeat
- collect multiple metaphors that explore ideas from different angles
Visceralization
- process of creating a mental image
- connects ideas with emotions
- works best for concrete information
- experimental
- how
- identify the concept
- pick a mental image to base this idea from
- Static/Dynamic?
- add other sences
- refine and repeat until you can bring it just in a few seconds of thinking
Diagramming
- a simpler form of visceralization
- a diagram - picture, connecting several ideas together
- Flow-Based Diagrams
- sequence of steps, events; a system
- how
- start with a single element
- draw connection arrow to different ideas
- for understanding - not for picture
- Concept-Based Diagrams
- start with the most important with branch off into details
- Image Diagrams
- not a diagram
- rather a doodle
- to represent idea, association to others
- 10-20 seconds
Arbitrary
Linking
- close to rote memorization
- links a series like a linked list
- Step1. Create you sequence
- write it down
- or beak it down into a sequence
- Step2. Symbolize each in the list
- create a symbol to associate with each element
- the symbol helps conjure the original concept
- Step3. Create the links
- vivid and exaggerating image that connects two adjacent items
- banana and cow => big banana with cow spots
- Imagination is needed!
Pegging
- no need to be in sequence
- link each element to a specific slot
- 0 - hero
- 1 - gun
- 2 - shoe
- 3 - tree
- 4 - door
- 5 - hive
- 6 - sticks
- 7 - heaven
- 8 - plate
- 9 - wine
- 10 - pen
- 11 - ribbon
- 12 (dozen) - oven
- note the rhyming
- eg
- a bottle of wine is fighting with a knige
- a knife is a symbol of labor
- the 9th principle is the division of labor
Information Compression
- reduces size, so it can be associated together in a logical way
- Mnemonics
- storing several ideas together by using a phrase/word
- RED (first aid)
- R - Rest the injured area
- E - Elevate the injured ared
- D - apply the direct pressure
- Picture linkung
- link several ideas by representing them in one picture
- done on paper
- Notes compression
- take a lot of information
- reduce it to just a few pages of notes
- organizes large amounts of data
- easier to connect ideas by looking at the entire sctructure
- how
- take several sheets of paper
- write down major ideas
- next to it write relevant formulas/concepts etc
- continue until you've written down all the major ideas
- you may rewrite it for better organization
Extending
- Practice
- apply everything you learned in your life
- if you don't know how - do brainstorm
- Model Debugging
- practice regularly
- look for potential errors
- make it timed
- split practice into daily intervals
- Project-Based Learning
- have a 1-3 month project
- it forces you to learn
- keep it small
- write it down
- commit to your project on paper
- set a goal
Final
Productivity Websites
- ScottHYoung.com - My website devoted to productivity, learning and habits.
- ZenHabits.net - Productivity through simplicity.
- Lifehack.org - One of the largest productivity websites.
- PickTheBrain.com - Productivity and motivation.
- StudyHacks – Productivity for the student
- StevePavlina.com – Personal development for smart people.
Productivity Books
- Getting Things Done - The classic by David Allen.
- The Power of Full Engagement - Energy management.
- Zen To Done - A spin off of Getting Things Done, this one focuses on slowly building productive habits.
- How to Be a Straight-A Student & How to Win at College – Both classic books that can help you become more productive and handle the challenges of learning. Definitely worth reading!